In recent discussions about the use of proxy networks, a notable perspective has emerged regarding their applications. According to cybersecurity expert Hinderer, proxy networks are employed by companies for various activities, including gathering pricing information from competitor websites. Other applications involve ad verification and the highly competitive practice of sneaker purchasing during limited releases. While these activities may raise ethical questions, they do not generally violate any laws.
On a more concerning note, research by Orange Cyberdefense highlights the darker side of residential proxy networks. These networks have been extensively leveraged for cyber espionage, particularly by Russian hackers, and are involved in social engineering schemes, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, phishing, and botnet operations. Hinderer pointed out that residential proxy networks are often knowingly utilized by cybercriminals, as evidenced by the proxy traffic linked to cyber incidents investigated by Orange. Notably, the study did not specifically evaluate the services offered by Big Mama, a prominent provider in this domain.
The operational model of networks like Big Mama often relies on individuals consenting to have their devices integrated into proxy networks, sometimes for financial compensation. However, many users are included based on agreements buried in terms and conditions, which research has consistently shown are rarely read or fully understood by users.
Big Mama is upfront about its practices; within its application, it explicitly informs users that their devices may route traffic from other customers. This information is reiterated in both the terms of service and the FAQ section of their website, where it clarifies that the app operates without a subscription fee.
The Big Mama Network promotes its proxies for numerous purposes, such as ad verification, purchasing tickets online, price comparisons, and SEO. Users who register with the service are presented with detailed information about the locations of the proxy devices, their respective internet service providers, and the costs associated with each connection.
As of now, the marketplace associated with Big Mama lists a staggering 21,000 IP addresses available from the United Arab Emirates, 4,000 from the United States, and hundreds more across various countries. Transactions on this platform are exclusively in cryptocurrency, and the terms of service emphasize that the network is intended for legal purposes only, with clear stipulations that users engaging in fraudulent or illicit activities will be banned.
In summary, while the use of proxy networks spans both benign and malicious intents, the overlap between commercial use and cybercrime presents a complex challenge for business owners. Understanding the implications of these networks, particularly in relation to cybersecurity risks such as initial access, persistence, and privilege escalation as outlined by the MITRE ATT&CK framework, is critical for mitigating potential vulnerabilities associated with their use.
The evolution of cyber threats necessitates vigilance and a robust understanding of the tools and tactics employed by adversaries, ensuring that businesses remain informed and prepared against potential cyber incidents.
